アメリカの景気刺激策と財政赤字　／　オバマ大統領

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アメリカの失業率は9.8%と深刻な状況にあるものの鉱工業生産指数はプラスに転じ、景気の底は脱しつつあるとも言われます。しかしその一方2009年度（08年10月～09年9月）の財政赤字がおよそ１．４兆ドル（約130兆円）と、史上初めて1兆ドルの大台に乗ったことが発表されました。
金融危機とそれに伴う景気後退に対して実行して金融安定化策や景気対策費で歳出が増大する一方、所得・法人税の減少で歳入が縮小したため、赤字額はこれまで最大だった前年度の3倍強に膨れ上がったと言います。日本も来年度予算が97兆円規模に膨れ上がると共に、大幅な税収の落ち込みが推測されています。
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オバマ大統領が道路建設現場で視察をし演説を行いました。景気後退によりアメリカを支えてきた中産階級が失業に苦しみ、その対策として巨額を投資してきた景気刺激策は今日の景気回復傾向に寄与していると述べています。道路・橋・公共交通機関の整備を行うことで多くの労働機会が生まれています。
ではこれらが今後の景気にどう貢献するのか。例えばバージニア州に経済援助をして教師・警察官・消防士などの削減防止をし、また中小企業向け融資を維持することで数千の雇用機会の喪失を防いだこと。また建設投資はアメリカの「インフラ」を維持するものであり、地方の経済復興が州に、そして国家に広がること。
又この演説の中では述べられていませんが、クリーンエネルギー政策で新たな産業と新たな雇用機会を創出するのがアメリカの21世紀の指針であると繰り返し主張してきました。しかしまた長期の懸案となっている医療制度改革も実行しなければ、真綿で首をしめるように経済復興へのネックとなるかもしれません。
Hello, everybody. Before I begin, I just want to thank my outstanding Secretary of Transportation, Ray LaHood, who’s with us today. And I want to thank the folks at Cherry Hill Construction for having me here today. We just took a look at this construction site and I had a chance to talk to all the outstanding men and women who are working here.
Talking with them was a reminder of just how hard they work every single day, just how hard they fight on behalf of their families, and just how hard these times have been for working men and women like them.
Hardworking Americans have borne the brunt of this recession. They’ve been laid off in historic numbers; they’ve seen their hours trimmed and their wages cut; they’ve lived in fear of being the next ones to be let go. And that’s not right.
Middle class Americans are the ones who built this country, made it great, and keep it going each and every day. And they deserve leaders in Washington who are willing to work as hard as they work; who are willing to fight for their futures as hard as they fight for their families.
We need to all live up to our responsibilities as faithfully as these workers here are living up to theirs. And that’s why our goal is not just to rebound from this recession, but to start building an economy that works for all Americans; where everyone who’s looking for work can find a job — and not just a temporary job, but a permanent job that lasts from season to season; where our stock market isn’t only rising again but our businesses are hiring again. That’s our goal.
And I know that we have a lot of work to do to meet that goal. But I also know that thanks to the governor here in Virginia, Tim Kaine, thanks to two outstanding senators, Mark Warner and Jim Webb, and a great congressman, Congressmen Jim Moran and as well as Congressman Gerry Connolly, and thanks to the work of Ray here and the rest of my administration, we’ve made some meaningful progress over the last few months.
Because the fact is, as difficult as these times are — and they’re profoundly difficult for a whole lot of people all across the country — we are moving in the right direction. Our economy is in better shape today than it was when I took office; when we were hemorrhaging 700,000 jobs a month; when our financial system was on the brink of collapse; and economists from just about every part of the political spectrum were predicting that we might be sinking into a Great Depression.
And one of the reasons our economy is in better shape today is because we voted to move forward boldly and swiftly to pass a Recovery Act that’s being carried out under the outstanding leadership of people like Ray, as well as my Vice President Joe Biden. It’s a Recovery Act that has spurred job creation and economic growth with projects like the one that I’m talking about here today.
Back in February, Governor Kaine and I came here, and work was just getting underway. This project — the Fairfax County Parkway Project — is designed to be completed — to complete the original version of this parkway by connecting both ends of Fairfax County. The current phase of construction will create new private sector jobs — and that won’t just make a difference to all the people who get these jobs, it will make a difference to all those communities where they spend their paychecks. Businesses of all size will be fueled by their paychecks — in Fairfax Country, in Virginia, and beyond.
This project is the largest of its kind in this state. But it’s just one of more than 60 that are being planned all across Virginia. And it’s one of 8,000 highway projects that have been approved under the Recovery Act across this country — nearly 5,000 of which are already under construction. To put this another way, roughly three-quarters of Recovery Act highway funding is already being invested as part of the largest investment in the nation’s infrastructure since President Eisenhower built the Interstate Highway System back in the 1950s.
And because so many of these projects are being managed well — and I want to thank the team that’s been working so hard out here — these projects are coming in, on average, 10 to 20 percent under budget. That’s unheard of, 10 to 20 percent under budget. And that means we can do more — we can create more jobs and launch more projects — with every taxpayer dollar.
It’s important to note that the jobs we’ll create are not government jobs, but private sector jobs. Cherry Hill Construction was able to put people to work because of this project, just as other private contractors are doing because of similar projects across the country.
And ultimately, that’s the engine of our economy — businesses, large and small, getting back on their feet. And that’s the focus of our efforts.
But what makes these kinds of projects so important isn’t just that we’re creating so many jobs. It’s that we’re putting Americans to work doing the work that America needs done. We’re rebuilding our crumbling roads, our bridges, our waterways. We’ve already approved nearly a thousand transportation projects to upgrade airports, railroads, mass transit systems, and shipyards. We’re strengthening our nation’s infrastructure in ways that will leave lasting benefits to our communities, making them stronger, making them safer, and making them better places to live.
Now, this is just one part of what we’re doing through the Recovery Act to create jobs and spur economic growth. We’ve also provided the middle class — 95 percent of working families — a tax cut, including nearly 3 million families here in Virginia. We’ve increased and extended unemployment insurance for 12 million Americans to help them weather this economic storm — and that’s benefited over 220,000 Virginians. We’ve made COBRA 65 percent cheaper, so if people are looking for work they still have health coverage. We’ve offered emergency relief to more than 1 million seniors, veterans, and other Virginians who need it most.
We’ve provided assistance to states like Virginia to help prevent police officers and teachers and firefighters from being laid off. And we’ve supported over $250 million in lending in Virginia — and 30,000 loans to small businesses across America — that have helped to create or save thousands of jobs. And every American can track how their dollars are being spent by going to Recovery.gov — because I’m committed to upholding the highest standards of transparency and accountability for how we spend taxpayer money.
So here’s the bottom line. We’re moving forward on a number of different economic fronts. And we’re going to continue to explore each and every avenue that I can think of that will lead to job creation and economic growth. But it all starts with projects like this. Because if we can put Americans to work rebuilding the Fairfax County Parkway, we can help get the economy moving again in Fairfax County. And if we get the economy moving in Fairfax County, we get it moving across Virginia. And if we get it moving across Virginia, we’re getting it moving all across America. That’s what we committed ourselves to doing when I took office; we are moving forward.
I’m grateful to the outstanding work of the people who are standing behind me, as well as all the contractors and private businesses that are involved. And we are going to keep on going until we make sure that every single American in this country who’s looking for work is going to be able to get the kind of well-paying job that supports their families.
Thanks very much, everybody.
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